Work Based Learning in the Creative and Cultural Industries Assignment - 1

Work Based Learning in the Creative and Cultural Industries - Assignment Example While looking at the pig influenza and the reactions that are a piece of the work spot and society, there is additionally a connection to the media and how data is depicted to society. From one edge, the pig influenza and the ramifications of this infection ought to be founded on complete and honest data. Having this would permit general society to react in the right way and would make a distinction in how culture, organizations and various fields of life took a gander at seasonal influenza. Nonetheless, there are likewise different points that the media includes into the pig influenza and various bits of news. Rather than putting together this with respect to finish reality and data, there is an adjustment in the data that is introduced. Frequently, this originates from restricted information on the pig influenza. At different occasions, this is identified with the social shame that is encompassing what's going on. While composing this report, I found that it is critical to perceive what the media is stating just as how educated they are regarding a matter. It is imperative to look past social desires, data that is introduced at a surface level and the way that society reacts in general just as in spots, for example, the work place. Taking a gander at the way that media portrays certain thoughts and having the option to recognize past this is fundamental to finding the genuine data and information that is a piece of various pestilences, for example, the pig

One Of The Biggest Problems Which The United States Is Faced Essays

Perhaps the most concerning issue which the United States is confronted with is adolescent wrongdoing. The explanation specialists feel adolescents submit wrongdoings is a result of hazard factors when they were more youthful however specialists still have not discovered the fundamental motivation behind why adolescents perpetrate wrongdoings. Some hazard factors related with adolescent wrongdoing are neediness, rehashed introduction to savagery, drugs, simple access to guns, flimsy family life and family viciousness, reprobate friend gatherings, and media savagery. Particularly the death of family life, the impact of the media on the adolescents today, and the expansion of guns accessible today have assumed a major job in the expansion of adolescents violations. The most widely recognized hazard factor is the death of the family life what's more, the expansion in family viciousness. Somewhere in the range of 1976 and 1992 the number of adolescents living in destitution became 42% and this caused an expansion in wrongdoings by adolescents. A significant number of these adolescent crooks have been mishandled or on the other hand dismissed and they additionally experienced childhood in a solitary parent family unit. Research has discovered that 53% of these kids are bound to be captured, and 38% bound to carry out a rough wrongdoing as a grown-up, at that point their partners who didn't endure such maltreatment. The manifestations of youngster misuse are significant levels of animosity and introverted conduct furthermore, these kids are twice as liable to become adolescent guilty parties. Likewise ill-advised parental consideration has been connected to wrongdoing, for example, moms who drink liquor or consume medications during pregnancy cause their infants to grow up with learning issue, a difficult which drives them to be adolescent crooks. Another hazard factor is the impact of the media on the adolescents of today. Before the time a youngster has arrived at seventh grade, the normal kid has seen 8,000 killings and 100,000 demonstrations of savagery on the TV. There is no uncertainty that substantial introduction to broadcast savagery is one of the reasons for forceful conduct, wrongdoing furthermore, savagery in the public arena. TV viciousness influences youths of all ages, of the two sexual orientations, at all monetary levels, and all degrees of insight. Long haul youth introduction to TV is an easygoing factor behind one portion of the crimes perpetrated by adolescents in the United States. The expanded accessibility of weapons has had a major influence in raising the quantity of violations submitted by adolescents. In Los Angeles adolescent misconduct cases including weapon infringement developed by 86% from 1988 to 1992, which was all the more then some other kind of adolescent offense. As per a University of Michigan study found that 270,000 weapons go with auxiliary school understudies to class day by day. This is alarming since it shows what number of more adolescents are conveying weapons and the adolescent utilization of weapons in murders has expanded from 65 to 80 percent from 1987 to 1991. The ownership of guns plays a major reason in the wrongdoing of kids and is assuming a greater job in the violations which adolescents submit. Another reason for the expansion of adolescent violations has been the impact of youngsters seeing various homicides and different demonstrations of savagery on the TV. At long last the destruction of the family life and the expansion in family viciousness has been the greatest factor in the expansion of adolescent wrongdoing.

Seven Early Evenings

Seven Early Evenings Theres a lot that happens after 5PM. 1 // Sunday coming home I visited home last week over Thanksgiving Break.  Boston is amazing, but there are some things that New York just does better. I had forgotten how impressive the New York skyline was until I was looking at it again. The pizza I once took for granted tasted like a Michelin star meal. On Sunday evening, I left New York on an Amtrak to back to Boston. After getting off the train, I took an Uber back to campus01 I could have taken the T (Bostons subway system) but I was carrying a lot of luggage full of winter clothes. Fun fact: MIT student ID cards double as Charlie Cards â€" the pass Bostonians use to ride the T. . I was surprised when I finally got back to my dorm. My friends who stayed at MIT over the break had redecorated our main lounge! home sweet home, redecorated 2 // Monday lobby 10, from above I went to a meeting for Chroma, MITs science and humanities magazine. Editor-in-Chief Michelle X. 20 presented the final version of the magazine we worked on this semester! It took several weeks and dozens of writers, artists, and designers to put together. After celebrating, we also planned for an upcoming fundraiser in Lobby 10. This is a popular space for student organizations to advertise events, recruit volunteers, and raise money. At our fundraiser, well be selling boba and giving out free Chroma laptop stickers. 3 // Tuesday nice to meet you I spent Tuesday evening with the  Vietnamese Student Association (VSA), where I ate delicious food and worked on mastering the basics of Vietnamese. Through bingo, charades, and tongue twister competitions, I learned quite a lot and met a lot of great people! I came from a high school with just one other Viet student. Im really excited to keep exploring my Viet heritage with the VSA â€" its great to have a place where I can eat familiar food and hear familiar words. Whatever your background or interests, MIT likely has a student organization for it. 4 // Wednesday I swung by a cookie-decorating event run by Women in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (WiEECS). WiEECS has been an excellent opportunity for me to befriend upperclassmen who are excited to share their experiences as Course 6 (EECS) students. There are events every couple of weeks for WiEECS members, usually involving food and puppies. wheres i? After WiEECS, I went to my dorm (MacGregor House) for a GRT dinner with my entry. MacG splits its 313 residents into nine entries labelled A through J02 Note that there is no I entry, sinceem i/em is imaginary. . Each entry has one or two GRTs (Graduate Resident Tutors) â€"   graduate students who live with and mentor the undergraduate residents. MacG is a cook-for-yourself dorm. There is a kitchen in every suite (and each suite has a maximum of just 8 people). Some MacG residents cook all their meals, some enroll in a dining hall meal plan, and some (like me) do a bit of both. At least once a week, my GRTs invite our entry to go one of MITs five dining halls for dinner. They use a special GRT dining card to swipe all of us into the dining hall. I look forward to these dinners each week â€" the people in my suite and entry have become some of my best friends. 5 // Thursday I went to the Student Center for  Tech Twinkles, an event run by the the MIT Undergraduate Association (UA) to celebrate the tree lightings around campus. Off campus, the streets of Boston are literally pulsing with brightness and festivity. My friends and I then went to the Compton Lounge â€" colloquially known as the Banana Lounge â€" to do some psetting. The lounge has several tables (each with a basket of bananas), legos, nap space, and a station for making coffee and tea. After psetting, we walked back to MacG together and took pictures of the lights. let the festivities begin 6 // Friday RKB (left) and the Asymptones (center) I went to  Thanksgiving II, a show by Roadkill Buffet (MITs improv comedy troupe) and Asymptones (one of MITs many acapella groups). I really enjoyed their alternating performances â€" RKB was hilarious and the Asymptones sounded beautiful! I ended the night at Johnson Ice Rink with my neighbor, Isabella K. 21. We  both skated competitively when we were younger, and after arriving to MIT, we both found ourselves being drawn back to the ice. Isabella and I are both  amazed by how our muscles magically remember spins, jumps, and footwork that we havent attempted in years. MIT is one of a few universities with its own ice rink. Best of all, the rink is open to all students nearly every day. Its located right inside the Z (MITs fitness center), about a five minute walk from our dorm! 7 // Saturday My evening started out messy, with a Bob Ross paint-along I did with my entry. Supplied with canvases, oil paints, brushes, and a lot of paper towels, we hit play on the video and scrambled to replicate Bobs art03 Did we succeed? Well, we tried. . crazy rich syncopasians I then went to another acapella concert. This time, it was  Crazy Rich Syncopasians, performed by the Syncopasians. Throughout the show, they performed skits inspired by the movie  Crazy Rich Asians,  but adapted to a romance between MIT students. There was free boba afterwards! Upon returning to my dorm, I stayed up until about 2AM frying beignets, baking Christmas cookies, and discussing poetry with my friends. Josiah W. 22 directed the baking. He did a fantastic job â€" we didnt set off the fire alarm! Post Tagged #Chroma magazine #dining #MacGregor House #Vietnamese Student Association I could have taken the T (Boston's subway system) but I was carrying a lot of luggage full of winter clothes. Fun fact: MIT student ID cards double as 'Charlie Cards' â€" the pass Bostonians use to ride the T. back to text ? Note that there is no 'I' entry, since i is imaginary. back to text ? Did we succeed? Well, we tried. back to text ?

The Crysanthemums Essay - 734 Words

John Steinbeck uses his unique literary style to write the short story â€Å"The Chrysanthemums,† where he brings his readers to a society of inequality amongst the genders. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† depicts the challenges of Elisa Allen, a thirty five-year-old woman who is expected to be a traditional housewife. Her ongoing transformation throughout the story portrays the life of a woman trying to gain meaning in her dull life during the 1930’s. John Steinbecks, â€Å"The Chrysanthemums,† shows the true feelings of the protagonist, Elisa Allen, through the use of femininity, self-awareness, and weakness. Elisa’s character undergoes a complete transformation of femininity, due to her conversation with the tinker. The story†¦show more content†¦After her conversation with the tinker, she obtains a feeling of excitement, and hope because she now experiences a world of adventure and freedom that only men enjoy. Moreover, Elisa feels as though she has a chance of being apart of that world through the tinker. However, Elisa’s desire for equality to men is immediately lost when she discovers the chrysanthemums that she had given to the tinker thrown beside the road (237). Instead, she comes to the realization that the tinker had just used her, and at that point, she â€Å"turned up her coat collar so [Henry] could not see that she was crying weakly-like an old woman† (238). Elisa ultimately understands that she will always remain a woman who must endure her typical social role until she grows old. Furthermore, she becomes aware of the fact that her romance will only go as far as having wine with dinner, and eventually cries. From this discovery, Elisa ultimately acknowledges her inferior position to men. Although Elisa had a desire to be loved and accepted at the start of the story, she becomes weaker as the story comes to an end. Initially, Elisa is characterized as â€Å"lean and strong and her eyes wer e as clear as water† (228). In other words, she is described as a confident woman who takes pride in her talent of gardening. In addition, she tends to her flowers as if she were one of them. However, as soon as she notices her flowersShow MoreRelated Comparing Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman and The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck795 Words   |  4 Pagesinto a reformatory from which she must abscond. Elisa must also break free, decomp from the boundary, the fence, that is enclosing her in the stationary, non-progressive life. She sees hope, a way to expand, through her joy, her love, her talent crysanthemums. By sharing her love with others, she is actually leaving, going somewhere, helping someone, on the other side of the fence. Outside the windows, through the bars, the narrator finds a path, a channel of hope that she knows is her alliance withRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper and the Chrysanthemums - Symbols of Entrapment768 Words   |  4 Pagesa refor matory from which she must abscond. Elisa must also break free, decomp from the boundary, the fence, that is enclosing her in the stationary, non-progressive life. She sees hope, a way to expand, through her joy, her love, her talent crysanthemums. By sharing her love with others, she is actually leaving, going somewhere, helping someone, on the other side of the fence. Outside the windows, through the bars, the narrator finds a path, a channel of hope that she knows is her alliance with

The Debate Over 5 Paragraph Essay Student Samples

The Debate Over 5 Paragraph Essay Student Samples A five paragraph essay is just one of the standards in writing. As soon as you finish the very first draft of your essay, it's advisable to re-visit the thesis statement in your very first paragraph. The topic sentence can't be a fact as facts cannot be debated. Your thesis sentence should provide your precise assertion and convey a very clear standpoint. If you own a point to make that isn't directly joined to the topic sentence, it doesn't belong in the paragraph. Make any revisions that you believe will boost your rough draft and don't forget to check for any grammatical errors or misspellings. This 1 sentence provides readers with an abundance of information. Your final sentence should uphold your principal idea in a very clear and compelling method. The Tried and True Method for 5 Paragraph Essay Student Samples in Step by Step Detail Maintain an organized approach To initiate the undertaking of writing, you first have to get organized and keep up a planned strategy. Any sort of deliberate infliction of severe injury and rough treatment falls below this category. In many professional contexts, respectful argumentation is the thing that leads to the growth of new thoughts and perspectives. Whether an effective repellant isn't used, the camper can shell out an interminable night scratching, which will just worsen the itch. It's a formula which makes learning it easy. Emotional and mental abuse often disturbs the development of the kid. If it is easy to identify at least five core interests about the topic matter, then you won't have any issues writing your document. Glaring grammatical or spelling errors will damage your score, therefore it's sensible to revise. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. Anytime you've got to compose a timed essay, you should start out with a frame dependent on the parts below. Fortunately, you can learn how to craft a fantastic essay if it is possible to stick to the typical pattern and write in a very clear and organized method. If you are in need of a custom made essay on Cars feel free to get hold of our on-line essay writing company. If you're an extremely talented writer, you might be able to intuitively create a compelling essay including all the components necessary to be both persuasive and simple to swallowor follow. This blog will allow you to write 5-paragraph essays in perhaps the simplest way ever. Remember you don't have to produce a title for your essay. Whispered 5 Paragraph Essay Student Samples Secrets If you own a choice choose a book you might enjoy. Many brilliant individuals who achieved success in life proved actually academic drop-outs. Explain how you have or have never been successful thus far in life and should you believe you'll be later on. The effect of international terrorism on US economy The function of social entrepreneurship in spurring economic innovation in america. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About 5 Paragraph Essay Student Samples Is Wrong Getting in a p osition to compose a strong argument will allow you to succeed in society. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good concept to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. The use of appropriate examples is also crucial to be able to convince the audience with what it is you're attempting to portray. Be sure that you do not present any new data in the conclusion. Now, one needs to be mindful with the conclusion part. It is frequently a very good idea to select a topic that tends to elicit an emotional reaction. Ever since your audience will love to know the idea of the topic being discussed, making up the fundamental idea and adding it to the introduction is always helpful. For instance, your topic is all about a science experiment. Video games have been part of children's life for the previous few decades. Basically, it's dependent on this issue in which you might identify what things to present in each individual part segment. It is absolutely a long procedure, but it's excellent explicit teaching.

Nature function of Academic English Free Essays

string(216) " can encounter difficulty because of a lack of familiarity to such linguistic standard as there are differences between the registers in an academic scenario and that of an informal interaction \(Schleppegrell 43\)\." Introduction There has been an ongoing discourse about different approaches that translates to the best way of teaching the English language and what appropriately constitute to the language itself. Genre knowledge has been the source of much discourse in the academe because of how it affects the disciplinary and professional cultures of teaching Academic English (Berkenkotter Huckin 24). The academic discourse further covers the features of the language in terms of linguistic, grammatical and vocabulary features. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature function of Academic English or any similar topic only for you Order Now The discussion of such features and how it is affected under the different approaches is evaluated to provide for the grounds for the approach that must be seriously considered in for the academe use. Research about written discourse and text that hold such a prominence in the academy are analyzed according to formal discourse genres, their characteristics as well as the common linguistic features it possess (Hinkel 2). Above the question of the importance of the genre approach, there is also a question as to how explicit the teaching instruction must be. Contradicting sides would argue about the necessity of the teaching such approach (Freedman Medway 193). Others would argue if it is even possible (Freedman Medway 193). Others would wonder if it would benefit the students or would it prove to be more dangerous (Freedman Medway 193). There is also a discourse about the right timing by which such an approach should and could be applied to a class depending upon the students’ age and capabilities in writing (Freedman Medway 193). Genre Academic Discourse Literary genres were discussed as early as in Aristotle’s The Poetics and developed in the Rhetoric that shows how he defined genres as a simple way of classifying text types, this is what was generally accepted over time (Clarke 242). According to traditional views, genre was limited to being primarily literary, defined by textual regularities in terms of form and content, classified into simplified categories and subcategories (Clarke 242). Under this definition, genre was not seen as relevant in terms of the discussion of composition and pedagogy (Clarke 242). Most of the linguists advocate that there should be a concentration for mastery of the different genres in the English language and that the teachers should focus on giving specific instruction that teaches the characteristic of each genre (Mercer Swann 222). The students need a model by which they could follow in keeping with a genre structure (Mercer Swann 222). They see grammar to play an important role in the process of learning the genres because it enables the students to â€Å"manipulate the text† contradictory to the process approach that sees the trouble in explicit manner of teaching grammar due to its unnecessity and danger to the students’ learning (Mercer Swann 222). The common misconception would refer to genre and text type to merely be the same aspect of a text but in reality they actually differ in terms of texts with particular genres having different linguistic characteristics and other literary features (Johns 73). However, different genres can be similar linguistically. Genre can be described as text characterized by external criteria, for instance written or spoken text, different audience, different context or purpose (Johns 73-74). On the other hand, text types can be represented by rhetorical modes such as â€Å"exposition† or â€Å"argument† as different text types (Johns 74). They are seen to be similar in terms of internal discourse patterns despite having different genres (Johns 74). The two concepts then refer to complementary perspectives on texts however they still remain different (Johns 74). Teaching and Writing Genres In a classroom environment, text types that are written and spoken are related to the different demands by which the school requires and depending upon the subject areas of focus. There are different writing tasks that involve genres that go way beyond the literary realm (Schleppegrell 77). Factual and analytical genres exist under the evolution of the academic English language. The usual technique would be for students to read massive amount of authentic texts to give awareness to the difference of the ranges of genres and determine the registers they encounter for their own chose subject matters (Hoadley-Maidment Mercer 303). Students are then made of aware of the differences between academic and non-academic genres. Through the process of being exposed to the different genres, the students are familiarized with the different lexical, grammatical and organizational features of the texts that exist that train them along the way (Hoadley-Maidment Mercer 303). Genre Knowledge The academic discourse on genre gives two perspectives in terms of structurational and sociocognitive that deals with the activity language undergoes from diverse fields like â€Å"sociolinguistics, cognitive psychology, educational anthropology and conversation analysis (Berkenkotter Huckin 24).†Ã‚   This is the new concept that is emerging on top of the rich body of research regarding the genre’s structure from the structurational theory (Berkenkotter Huckin 24). There is the constant need for the academe to monitor and recognize the changing pattern that language undergoes and thus the changes in the genres as well (Berkenkotter Huckin 24). Full participation any general disciplinary and professional culture requires knowledge of the written genre and they are referred to as the â€Å"intellectual scaffolds on which community-based knowledge is constructed† thus placing a priority to monitor the pattern changes (Berkenkotter Huckin 24). At the same time, they are worth examining because the genre of academic discourse also produce criteria like a â€Å"community’s norm, epistemology, ideology, and social ontology (Berkenkotter Huckin 25)† Linguistic Features of Academic Discourse According to Martlew and Sorsby (1995) â€Å"Written language like spoken language achieves communicative ad conceptual goals by using a complex system of arbitrary symbols and conventional rules†¦ In literate societies, a developed writing system is pervasive in children’s environment and it is likely that each individual child constructs, or re-invents, their own approach to writing from whatever salient experience the environment offers which they can utilize at different levels of development (Mercer Swann 287).† There are certain linguistic expectations from students who enter into an academic arena and such a language practice can be reflected in most social groups more than others (Schleppegrell 43). Some students can encounter difficulty because of a lack of familiarity to such linguistic standard as there are differences between the registers in an academic scenario and that of an informal interaction (Schleppegrell 43). You read "Nature function of Academic English" in category "Essay examples" Despite the fact that the classrooms can provide for an avenue for the students to develop such a standard and be trained by spoken and written language activities, the teachers need to remember how the forms of language can take its place in the academic context (Schleppegrell 44). For example, academic texts are by nature â€Å"informationally dense and authoritatively presented (Schleppegrell 44).† In order to get the extract the position and information from certain texts, the teachers and students must be able to unpack the meaning and recognize the position and ideologies of the text (Schleppegrell 44). Linguistic choices and the awareness of it enable a wider participation in the contexts of learning (Schleppegrell 44).   Having a clear perspective of the grammatical features that are seen as tools in deciphering school texts then provides as the foundation for a more efficient research of language development in terms of functionality as well as learning new registers (Schleppegrell 44-45). Most research focus on grammatical and lexical features of the student’s language production that produces a language analysis from a systematic functional linguistics (Schleppegrell 45). Deviating from a structural approach to grammar, a functional approach do not just focus on their syntactic category (nouns, verbs, adjectives) or their elements in the sentence (subject, predicate), it focus on identifying the revealing the context of schooling in the language that are used in the text, focusing on the register as the so-called â€Å"manifestation of context (Schleppegrell 45). Studies show how different features are values when comparing writing in writing classes and writing in other academic courses (Hinkel 5). The important consideration if providing the students with linguistic and writing skills that would equip them to handle new information and expand their knowledge (Hinkel 5). Some practitioners say that exposure to a variety of reading and experience with writing does not constitute to having a heightened awareness in discourse, vocabulary, grammar and linguistic features of academic writing or having better writing skills (Hinkel 5). They defended explicit instruction in advanced academic writing and text is what can provide the utmost equipment (Hinkel 5). General Nature and Functions of Academic English Furthermore, Martlew and Sorsby (1995) said, â€Å"Writing however is a visible language, graphic symbolic system whose roots we suggest lie in pictographic representation before links are established with spoken language. In this respect, development reflects evolution in that all writing systems which represent sounds of language evolved from pictorial representations rather than from spoken language.† Academic English offers such changing concepts (Hyland 2). The one who coined the definition for English used in academic purposes was Tim Johns (Hyland 2). It was during this time that English became an economic imperative and it has been the leading language for disseminating academic knowledge (Hyland 2). Each discourse community has developed its own mode of discourse. This constitutes to the growth of Academic English. By nature it would expand and evolve to fit and address the different fields of study in need to communicate, basically that points to every discipline (Hoadley-Maidment Mercer). New objects, processes, relationships and others need new terms to be added in the lexicon. There is a need to reinterpret words that already exists to become other words that are defined by their specific fields, like a set is different in conversational English and Mathematical English (Hoadley-Maidment Mercer 285). New words are also created as part of an existing word stock, like clockwise or feedback (Hoadley-Maidment Mercer 285). There is also a need to borrow from another language. A term called â€Å"calquing† mean having to create new words to imitate a word that already exists from another language like omnipotens mean almighty in Latin (Hoadley-Maidment Mercer 286). There is also a need to invent totally new words like the time when the word â€Å"gas† was created to be party of the field of chemistry (Hoadley-Maidment Mercer 286). There is also creating â€Å"locutions† or sense of phrases and compound words as well as non-native word stocks (Hoadley-Maidment Mercer 286). The nature of English is known to be shaped by certain social and cultural functions under the language of academic communities of discourse (Hoadley-Maidment Mercer 290-291). The researchers suggest for having more than one valid and culturally based ideology regarding Academic English for it to be open to other cultures and factors (Hoadley-Maidment Mercer 291). Conclusion Due to culture, styles of writing differ but this does not make one inferior over the other (Hoadley-Maidment Mercer 290). Further research about Academic English should have a greater level of sensitivity for other cultures or for cultural diversity (Hoadley-Maidment Mercer 290).   It is also necessary to have a proper balance between over-prespecification of the curriculum and planning and the right amount in terms of explicit teaching of genre and other features according the students’ knowledge, abilities and background (Wiley Hartung- Cole 205). The academe must not loose sight of social-cultural context of the relevance of Academic English in exchange for a more uniform approach or for the search for a common standard for academic discourse (Wiley Hartung- Cole 205). Works Cited Clark, Irene, et al. Concepts in Composition: Theory and Practice in the Teaching of Writing. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003. Berkenkotter, Carol, and Thomas N. Huckin. Genre Knowledge in Disciplinary Communication: Cognition, Culture, Power. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1995. Hinkel, Eli. Second Language Writers’ Text: Linguistic and Rhetorical Features. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002. Hoadley-Maidment, E. and Mercer, N. English in the Academic World. Open University course U210 The English Language: Past, Present and Future, 1996. Hyland, Ken. English for Academic Purposes: An Advanced Resource Book. New York: Routledge. Johns, Ann M., ed. Genre in the Classroom: Multiple Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002. Freedman, Aviva, and Peter Medway, eds. Genre and the New Rhetoric. London: Taylor Francis, 1994. Mercer, N. and Swann, J. Learning English: Development and Diversity. Open University course U210 The English Language: Past, Present and Future, 1996. Schleppegrell, Mary J. The Language of Schooling: A Functional Linguistics Perspective. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004. Wiley, Terrence Hartung- Cole, Elizabeth. â€Å"Model Standards for English Language Development: National Trends and a Local Response.† Education. 119. 2. (1998): Page Number: 205. How to cite Nature function of Academic English, Essay examples

Reflection on the Concept of Risk

According to the internationally accepted definition, risk can be described as â€Å"the effect of uncertainty on objectives† (Australian Government 2010, p. 1). It is important to examine the peculiarities of this interpretation and its implications for the work of various practitioners.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection on the Concept of Risk specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall, one can argue that this definition can throw light on various factors that can influence the work of organisations. Therefore, this framework can set higher standards for the work of risk managers and business administrators. Previously, risk could be regarded as the probability of loss; nevertheless, this interpretation does not fully reflect the complexity of this notion. At first, one should mention that the new definition highlights the idea that risks should not be associated only with negative consequences. Ac cording to this approach, one should also explore the opportunities which are available to individuals and organisations. Overall, this change can have significant implications for risk managers who need to know how to derive benefits from uncertainty which does not necessarily lead to financial losses or other adverse effects. This is one of the details that should be distinguished. Furthermore, the focus on the objectives is important because in this way, one can better understand the complexity of problems encountered by organisations and separate individuals. It should be noted that companies may pursue a variety of goals that can be related to product development, HR policy, profitability, market positioning, and so forth. Therefore, business administrators and risk managers should consider a wider range of problems or opportunities to which an organisation can be exposed (Lundqvist 2014, p. 393). This approach is beneficial because it sets higher standards for risk managers.Ad vertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In particular, they should understand different aspects of organisational performance and the influence of external environment (Goldin 2014, p. 325). In this way, they can get better insight into the uncertainties that can influence enterprises. This is one of the benefits that should be considered. Additionally, one should remember that objectives can be short-term and long-term. Therefore, one should be able to classify risks in terms of their time horizon. This activity can be important for developing the strategies of a company. Admittedly, this approach can create several difficulties for risk managers. These problems can manifest themselves at the time when the objectives are not clearly formulated. However, it is vital to identify risks in a specific way (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat 2012). Thus, this definition can be criticise d due to the lack of precision. Furthermore, in some cases, it may be difficult to measure the impact of risks. This task can be very challenging at the time when the objectives are not quantifiable. These are some of the difficulties that should be identified. Nevertheless, despite these limitations, this definition should not be dismissed because it is useful for identifying and averting different problems that businesses can face. On the whole, this discussion shows that the new definition of risk prompts managers to look at this concept from various perspectives. In particular, they should not focus only on the possibility of financial losses. More likely, they need to investigate a variety of uncertainties that influence the objectives of companies or separate individuals. Certainly, it may be difficult to measure the impact of uncertainty on some objectives. This is one of the limitations that should be taken into account. However, this framework encourages risk managers to ge t a better idea about internal and external factors influencing the work of companies. This is why this definition should be adopted.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection on the Concept of Risk specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Australian Government 2010, Risk Management Principles and Guidelines, https://app.secure.griffith.edu.au/reference_tool/index-core.php. Goldin, I 2014, ‘The Butterfly Defect: Why globalization creates systemic risks and what to do about it’, Journal Of Risk Management In Financial Institutions, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 325-327. Lundqvist, S 2014, ‘An Exploratory Study of Enterprise Risk Management: Pillars of ERM’, Journal Of Accounting, Auditing Finance, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 393-429. Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat 2012, Guide to Integrated Risk Management, https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/corporate/risk-management/guide-integr ated-risk-management.html. This essay on Reflection on the Concept of Risk was written and submitted by user Beetle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Earning Trust vs. Learning Trust How Are You Doing

Earning Trust vs. Learning Trust How Are You Doing â€Å"Stack Trust† I remember a body work session, specifically a Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) session, that I had many years ago. Donny Epstein, the founder of NSA, positioned my head and made contact with a specific point in my spine. â€Å"Stack trust,† he said. I don’t know if it was the point he touched or the command he gave me to â€Å"stack trust,† but felt a huge shift and broke out in tears. Trust is a big deal. I have always thought of myself as a trusting person, willing to share things about myself with strangers. I don’t expect people to cheat or lie and I have done things like rent my apartment to Airbnb guests, leaving them alone in my house with all my belongings. When a friend doubted whether I was telling the truth in a recent situation, I was hurt and angry. Not only do I trust people to tell the truth about things, but I also like to think people trust my word. Learning to Trust Can trust be learned? The answer, apparently, is yes. I recently received a link to what I thought was an article about how to teach trust. It turns out it was an advertisement for a Franklin Covey training, leading me not to trust Franklin Covey all that much for having misled me. Nevertheless, the idea that trust can be taught is fascinating to me and rings true. Google searches for â€Å"Harvard Business Review Trust and Teams† and â€Å"Harvard Business Review Teaching Trust† gave me a plethora of information on how we become trusting and on how to build trust in a business. I must confess that there are some areas where my trust level is very low, and where I have some definite growing to do. When I am in charge of a project, for instance, and ask someone to take responsibility for something, I often don’t trust them to perform. If they do the job and do it well, great. They have â€Å"proven themselves† to me. But if they don’t do the job or do it well, my first instinct is that I can’t rely on them and need to do it myself. If it’s something I don’t know how to do, I easily become scared and angry. I was amazed on a recent project that when a team member did not do a task, all I had to do was write him a note and he did it immediately! I had made up that because this person was usually very responsible, and had a ton on his plate at the time, he was overloaded and would not be able to it. Where was my sense of trust? I’ve had multiple opportunities to practice trust as my new website has launched, along with a new email and client management system, Infusionsoft. As many of you have experienced, we faced many breakdowns in the implementation process. Incorrect and duplicate emails went out to my list members. Pages on my site had missing and incorrect content. New clients were directed to pages where they received 404 errors instead of the documents they needed. Leaning In While I have admittedly done my share of stressing out and blaming about all these breakdowns (my web developers can â€Å"trust† me to do that), I have also leaned on the people who can fix the issues. They have come through for me every time, including going the extra mile to give my clients assistance on weekends and on short notice. I’m learning, slowly but surely, that when someone doesn’t do something they said they would do, or doesn’t do it well, the first step is to ask them to do it or coach them to do it better. It’s amazing how well that works! Commensurate Trust Of course, some people truly are not trustworthy, and those are the people not to do business with or form close relationships with. The term â€Å"commensurate trust,† which I learned recently, tells me that one trustworthy person in a relationship, whether business or personal, does not a trusting relationship make. Both parties must be able to handle a commensurate level of responsibility, truth, and vulnerability for the relationship to work. I will be working probably for the rest of my life on my own process of â€Å"stacking trust† – becoming trusting myself, and demanding trustworthiness of others. As I have discovered, I have a lot to learn.

Mars Curiosity Rover is Uncovering Martian History

Mars Curiosity Rover is Uncovering Martian History Every day a robotic rover about the size of a small car wakes up and makes its next move across the surface of Mars. Its called the Curiosity Mars Science Laboratory rover, exploring around Mount Sharp at the center of Gale Crater (an ancient impact site)  on the Red Planet. Its one of two working rovers on the Red Planet. The other is the Opportunity rover, perched on the west rim of Endeavour Crater. The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit stopped working and is now silent after several years of exploration on its own. Each year, Curiositys science team celebrates another full Martian year of exploration. A Mars year is longer than an Earth year, roughly 687 Earth days, and Curiosity has been doing its job since August 6, 2012. It has been a momentous time, revealing dazzling new information about Earths neighbor in the solar system. Planetary scientists and future Mars mission planners are  interested in conditions on the planet, particularly its ability to support life. The Search for Martian Water One of the most important questions the Curiosity (and other) missions wants to answer is: what is the history of water on Mars? Curiositys instruments and cameras were designed to help answer that. It was fitting then, that one of Curiositys first discoveries was an ancient riverbed running underneath the rovers landing site. Not far away, at an area known as Yellowknife Bay, the rover dug into two slabs of mudstone (rock formed from mud)  and studied samples. The idea was to look for habitable zones for simple life forms. The study gave a definite yes, this could have been a place hospitable to life answer. Analysis of the mudstone samples showed that they were once at the bottom of a lake filled with water rich in nutrients. Thats the kind of place where life could have formed and flourished on the early Earth. If Mars had living organisms, this would have been a good home for them, as well.   Where Did the Water Go? One question that keeps coming up is, If Mars had a lot of water in the past, where did it all go? The answers suggest a range of places, from frozen underground reservoirs to the ice caps. Studies by the MAVEN spacecraft orbiting the planet strongly support the idea that some episode of water loss to space  occurred. This changed the planets climate.  Curiosity has measured various gases in the Martian atmosphere  and has helped Mars scientists figure out that much of the early atmosphere (which was probably wetter than now) escaped to space. More recent studies have revealed underground ice on Mars, and possibly salty meltwater just beneath the surface in some areas.   Rocks tell a fascinating story of Mars water. Curiosity  has determined of the ages of Martian rocks, and how long a rock has been exposed to harmful radiation. Rocks in direct contact with water in the past tell scientists more details about waters role on Mars. The big question: when did water flow freely across Mars is still unanswered, but Curiosity is providing data to help answer it soon. Curiosity  has also returned important information about radiation levels on the Martian surface, which would be important for assuring the safety of future Mars colonists. Future trips range from  one-way missions  to long-term missions that send and return multiple crews to and from the Red Planet. Curiositys Future Curiosity  is still running strong, despite some damage to one its wheels. That has led team members and spacecraft controllers to devise new study routes to accommodate the problem.The mission is one more step to the eventual human exploration of Mars. As with our exploration of Earth over the past centuries - using advance scouts  - this mission and others, like the MAVENmission and Indias Mars Orbiter Mission are sending back valuable word about the territory ahead, and what our first explorers will find.

Hand In Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Hand In - Assignment Example With the advancement in technology more and more complex program structures are being developed and if it is tested by the result of one’s experience then it will not be time efficient. As time competence factor plays an important role in technology development, therefore, personal experience cannot be considered as a preferred way for verification and performance tuning. Several test cases are created when the testing and verification are carried out by automatic means. These test cases include all the possible paths through which a program can go through. If a program is passed through a test case and it halts in an indeterminate state or infinite condition or it gives undesired output then it means that there is some coding problem in the program and with the help of that particular test case it can be determined that in which line of code error exists. It is also necessary to pass the program through every case in order to make a program error proof. This takes very less time as compared to manual testing and correction of the program which can consume several hours / days to test a complex program. Use of a particular algorithm also depends on the complexity of a program. Some of these are good with more complex structures while others should be preferred for simple program verification and testing. Incorrect selection of an algorithm can be devastative for a system. Manual program verification, testing and performance tuning is very complicated, time consuming and complex therefore it should not have a preference over automatic means in future. Also, it can be deduced from outcomes of artificial intelligence that magnificent performance improvements can be made by using automated tuning process (Hutter and Babic,

Foreign Direct Investment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Foreign Direct Investment - Assignment Example In other words, FDI inflows might supplement the limited financial resources which retard the growth of an economy. Moreover, FDI inflows could assist in technology transfers that could prove to be more efficient in terms of production and thus, be of high assistance to the developing economies especially in case of LDCs (Assadourian, 2005). On the other hand, too much dependence upon FDIs for economic development, from a particular host nation might turn detrimental in case that the latter exploits the former on such grounds. In addition, the recipient country also suffers if FDI inflows invigorate production processes which ultimately injure the environment. Moreover, in case the benefits of FDI inflows trickle down to any particular segment of the economy only, possibilities of social uprisings grow intense among those who are not directly benefitted out of the same (OECD, 2002). FDI outflows could be turn to be beneficial for the source economy through boosting its current accoun t position in terms of profit returns from sales made in the host economy. Moreover, prospects of rise in employment are also multiplied in the source economy when the raw materials produced in the host nation are brought in for manufacture of final goods. Lastly, technology and skill from the host nation are also passed into the home country, thus benefitting the latter. One of the highest costs incurred in FDI outflows is that of capital account deficits owing to a massive outflow in the initial phase. Secondly, the home country suffers from a current account deficit if the purpose of FDI outflow is to import low-cost raw materials (Vaidya, 2006). Determinants of FDI The primary factors which determine the flow of... The primary factors which determine the flow of FDI within an economy are – †¢ At the face of competition, the foreign investors often consider foreign investment to be beneficial for their long run growths against their rivals. Such a measure could help them in securing their foothold in a non-domestic market. †¢ Such measures are often adopted in order to maintain a long term relationship which might prove to be profitable in the future, either in terms of a sustained flow of cost efficient inputs or technology. Moreover, a long term commitment could be advantageous at times of bargain as well. †¢ In addition, involvement in new product in a foreign market is associated with economies of moving in first (Moosa, 2002). Answer to Question 2 The association between openness to trade and economic growth of an economy is a highly debatable topic. There exist theories as well as empirical evidences supporting and opposing the facts, so that the applicability of any one of them cannot be asserted in the true sense of the term. One robust theory which could be raised in support of the hypothesis is that lower the degree of trade restrictions in an economy, higher will be the inflow of export revenues in the nation which in turn boosts the national income of the economy. Moreover, abolition of restrictions over trade such as import tariffs or export quotas could help in extracting the benefits of comparative advantage which is beneficial in lowering the cost of production.

Speech on Christianity after Festive Season

Speech on Christianity after Festive Season A Job to Do It is all over. That for which we hoped has come and gone. Christmas is over. All of the excitement and energy has waned. The decorations have disappeared; boxed and stored in the attic, the garage or the basement for another year. School vacation is over. The old year is gone, and a new one has begun. Everything is back on schedule. We are back to life, as we know it. It happens every year. It is part of life not just a Christmas, but at other times as well. Something is on the calendar for which we are filled with great anticipation-birthdays, anniversaries, weddings, vacations, graduations, a new job, a new adventure. Then in the blinking of an eye, the time has passed, and we are back to life in the ordinary, the normal, maybe it is a new normal, but there is a routine. There are things that need to be done groceries need to be purchased, the house needs cleaned, bills need to be paid-we have a job to do, whether it is our employment, parenting, school work, housework. Whether you are in childhood, or are an adolescent, teenager, young adult, middle age, or enjoying the years of retirement, there are things that we have to do each day. We all have a job to do Through the advent season, Christmas, and now into the New Year, into the season of Epiphany, the stories, the lives of John and Jesus have been intertwined. We have heard the sister stories of the announcements of their births, the sister stories about their births and today, the weaving of their stories continue, even now, in their adulthood. They too have a job to do. Johns job is to be the one who prepares the way of the Lord. He is the voice crying out in the wilderness. In the other gospels, he is the prophet, the baptizer. Luke presents him differently. His job is not to baptize. His job is to preach. He is a preacher first and foremost for Luke. Like any good preacher, some of his sermons point out the peoples sinfulness and their need for repentance. He reminds them that they have wondered off the path, ventured into dangerous territory, and turned away from God and Gods purposes. Like any good preacher, some of his sermons focus on how we are to live life in the sphere of Gods influence. He preached sermons that answered the question What shall we do? How do we live as people of God? These are the sermons that remind us of what we learned in Sunday School, Kindergarten, or around the dining room table-share, treat people fairly, be honest, and dont be greedy, but be content with what you have. All throughout life, we need to be reminded of these values. Like any good preacher, some of his sermons focused on the judgment of God and his coming into to the world. The messiah, the anointed one comes to turn the upside down things right side up. A day will come when God will reveal himself and he will rid the world of evil, and restore creation to its rightful order. John was to preach repentance, covenant living, and the coming of the kingdom of God. John had a job to do. Jesus had a job to do as well. He came to the Jordan. He heard the words of his cousin. He stepped in line with the other people. If you want details about his baptism, you need to read the other gospels, because Luke is not interested in that event. For Luke, Jesus, in human flesh, joined the crowd and was baptized without notice. Just as his birth was unremarkable, for Luke so was his baptism. Luke tells us that sometime after his baptism, while he was in prayer, the Holy Spirit came upon him. I like to think that he was in prayer seeking, like you and I do, discernment and direction for fulfilling Gods purposes, that the Holy Spirit came upon him, anointing him for the tasks that lie ahead, and through the blessing You are my Son, the Beloved; with you I am well pleased[i] he was set apart for the task ahead. Through his baptism, his commitment to prayer, the anointing of the Holy Spirit, the blessing of God, and his experiences of the wilderness temptations, Jesus was commissioned for the job for which he was born, the job that will lead him to Calvary and the tomb. We will learn more about his job throughout the coming weeks What is important for us to know is that after the visitations of the angels, the heavenly choir, the journey to Bethlehem, the smelly shepherds, the visitation of the Magi, the singing of Joy to the World, life got back to normal. John and Jesus grew up. The cousins matured. John and Jesus both had jobs to do. This morning, we are here to ordain and install Stephen Anderson, Mary Anne Fitzgerald, and Bernice Gibson to the office of Ruling Elder in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). They too, now have a job to do. The Holy Spirit led the nominating committee, through their prayer for discernment, to these three persons. The Holy Spirit came upon them as they sought Gods will on the matter and led them to accept the job as Ruling Elder. Upon further assessment, this congregation, through its prayer for discernment, confirmed the call of God upon Stephen, Mary Anne, and Bernice, and elected them to the office of Ruling Elder, to lead this congregation in the work of the Kingdom of God. Now today, we will ordain and install them to the office, and bestow upon the apostolic authority to guide us in our Christian vocation. Beginning today, they will attend to the job they are called to do. These three will join the other Ruling Elders on session who have also been called and confirmed in the job before them. In that job, they will need to be prepared to be honest, pure, and loving in their lifestyle. Leadership is a privilege, and with privilege comes responsibility. God holds teachers of His truth doubly responsible because we who lead are in a position where we can either draw people toward Christ or drive them away from Him. This is illustrated in the life of the famous author Mark Twain. Church leaders were largely to blame for his becoming hostile to the Bible and the Christian faith. As he grew up, he knew elders and deacons who owned slaves and abused them. He heard men using foul language and saw them practice dishonesty during the week after speaking piously in church on Sunday. He listened to ministers use the Bible to justify slavery. Although he saw genuine love for the Lord Jesus in some people, including his mother and his wife, he was so disturbed by the bad teaching and poor example of church leaders that he became bitter toward the things of God. Indeed, it is a privilege to be an elder. But it is also an awesome responsibility. The Ruling Elders have a job to do. But so do you. Each of you has a job to do. Just as the commission of Jesus began with his baptism, and was confirmed through his prayer life and his struggle with the temptations of the world, each of us, regardless of whether we hold a position of authority and speak from the pulpit, make decisions in the session room, teach Sunday School classes, work in the nursery, provide for fellowship or pray for those who do, we have a job to do. Kimberly Leetch rightly states, Every time we feed a hungry soul, visit one who is isolated, celebrate a widowers birthday, give money to charity, reduce, reuse, and recycle, we are bringing about Gods kingdom on earth. Gods kingdom is not an otherworldly, unreachable place. This is Gods kingdom. Right here. Right now.[ii] Each of us has a job to do. We may not all be preachers like John the Baptist. We may not all be called to be the decision makers. We may not all be called to positions of leadership in the church or in the community. However, we are called to live acts of kindness, to share what we have, to treat others with respect and dignity, to be content with that with which God has blessed us. When Martin Luther became discouraged and filled with doubt, he would put his hands on his head while saying, I have been baptized. Â   Â   Friends, remember your baptism. In it, God claimed you, God called you out of the world, and he placed you back in the world to serve him: to serve God and to serve human need. Remember your baptism. Remember, that because of your baptism, you have a job to do. Amen. [i] The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1989), Lk 3:22. [ii] The Rev. Dr. Kimberly Kace Leetch. Clergy Stuff. www.clergystuff.org.

Financial ratio analysis Essay

Financial ratio analysis is conducted by managers, equity investors, long-term creditors and short-term creditors. What is the primary emphasis of each of these groups in evaluating ratios? Managers deal with all types of ratios. It is important for them to judge and improve the overall financial position of the company. Financial ratios are one of the most common tools of managerial decision making. Financial ratios involve the comparison of various figures from the financial statements in order to gain information about a company’s performance. Ratios to this group, serve as indicators, clues, or red flags regarding noteworthy relationships between variables used to measure the firm’s performance in terms of profitability, asset utilization, liquidity, leverage, or market valuation. Equity Investors use the analysis of financial ratio to help equity investors know whether their investment earnings some return or not. They emphasize more on profitability ratios with those investors look for entities with high earning potential and will be reluctant to associate themselves one that poor return since the market price of stock and dividend potential will be adversely affected. Long-Term Creditors deal mostly with the solvency ratios. They are important because the ratios under this category indicate the long term financial position of the company in terms of its solvency. Financial ratios analysis helps long term creditors to know company’s ability to meet interest expenses and long term obligations on time. Times interest earned ratio, debt to total assets turnover ratio, debt to shareholders equity ratio are also some of the ratios that are helpful for long term creditors. Short-term Creditors find liquidity ratios as more important. The analysis of financial ratios assists Short term creditors to know the ability of company to pay their short term obligation. They mainly focus on corporate liquidity is especially important to creditors. If a company has poor liquidity position, it may lead to delay in receiving interest and principal payments or even losses on the amounts due. It includes various calculated ratios such as Current ratio, receivable turnover, accounts payable , liquid ratio, working capital etc. , that helps short term creditors analyze company’s credit history. (3-3) Over the past years, M. D.  Rryngaert & Co. has realized an increase in its current ratio and drop in its total assets turnover ratio. However, the company’s sales, quick ratio, and fixed assets turnover ratio have remained constant. What explains these changes? It may have been that the inventory of M. D. Rryngaert & Co. was not properly managed. We can witness that because of a higher inventory, current assets increases, with an automatic decrease in total assets turnover. However, the quick ratio and the fixed assets turnover have remained constant due to the fact that they are not included in inventory. Furthermore, with sales remaining constant and with an increase in inventory as mentioned, the company is definitely not in a good financial position. (3-4) Profit margins and turnover ratios vary from one industry to another. What differences would you expect to find between a grocery chain such as Safeway and steel company? Think particularly about the turnover ratios, the profit margin, and Du Pont equation. Safeway, being a grocery business, requires a lesser number of dollars in assets to produce a dollar in sales than would a steel company. Furthermore the margin that grocery stores derive from the sale of each item is usually low. That is why they rely on a large volume of sales, and high turnover of inventory. They sell their products quickly, with a high turnover, and a lower profit margin with having to sell higher volumes of products to make up for the low margin. As for the steel company, being a business that has a higher profit margin but low turnover ratio, it tends to have lower volume of business transactions. The steel company would also spend more money in assets in order to generate a good return in sales, as compared to a grocery store. The profit margin being the ratio between revenue and income, finds a business with higher profit margin to have lower cost of sales and hence high profit, while a business with lower profit margin will have higher cost of sales. Turnover ratios show how many times a year company is replacing their inventories. So by using the DuPont formula, we can calculate the ROA for each different company by a simpler version of the equation being Return on Assets (ROA) = Profit Margin x Total Asset Turnover.

Mandarin Chinese Christmas Vocabulary

Christmas  is not an official holiday in China, so most offices, schools, and shops remain open. Nonetheless, many  people still get into the holiday spirit during the Yuletide, and all the trappings of Christmas can be found in China,  Hong  Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.   Additionally, many people in recent years have begun celebrating Christmas in China. You can see Christmas decorations in department stores, and the custom of exchanging gifts is becoming more popular—especially with the younger generation. Many also decorate their homes with Christmas trees and ornaments. So, learning Mandarine Chinese Christmas vocabulary can be helpful if you plan to visit the region. Two Ways to Say Christmas There are two ways to say â€Å"Christmas† in Mandarin Chinese. The links provide a transliteration of the word or phrase (called  pinyin), followed the word or phrase written in  traditional Chinese  characters, followed by the same word or phrase printed in simplified Chinese characters. Click on the links to bring up an audio file and hear how to pronounce the words. The two ways to say Christmas in Mandarin Chinese are  shà ¨ng dà  n jià © (è â€"è ªâ€¢Ã§ ¯â‚¬ traditional Ã¥Å" £Ã¨ ¯Å¾Ã¨Å â€š simplified) or  yÄ“ dà  n jià © (è€ ¶Ã¨ ªâ€¢Ã§ ¯â‚¬ trad è€ ¶Ã¨ ¯Å¾Ã¨Å â€š simplified). In each of the phrases, the final two characters (dà  n jià ©) are the same. Dà  n refers to birth, and jià © means â€Å"holiday.† The first character of Christmas can be either shà ¨ng or yÄ“. Shà ¨ng translates as â€Å"saint† and yÄ“ is a phonetic, which is used for Jesus yÄ“ sÃ… « (è€ ¶Ã§ ©Å' traditional è€ ¶Ã§ ¨ £ simplified). Shà ¨ng dà  n jià © means â€Å"the birth of a saint holiday† and yÄ“ dà  n jià © means â€Å"the birth of Jesus holiday.† Shà ¨ng dà  n jià © is the more popular of the two phrases. Whenever you see shà ¨ng dà  n, though, remember that you can also use yÄ“ dà  n instead. Mandarin Chinese Christmas Vocabulary There are many other Christmas-related words and phrases in Mandarin Chinese, from Merry Christmas to poinsettia and even gingerbread house. In the table, the English word is given first, followed by the pinyan (transliteration), and then the traditional and simplified spellings in Chinese. Click the pinyan  listings to hear how each word or phrase is pronounced. English Pinyin Traditional Simplified Christmas shng dn ji Christmas y dn ji Christmas eve shng dn y Christmas eve ping n y Merry Christmas shng dn kui l Christmas tree shng dn sh Candy Cane gui zhng tng Christmas presents shng dn l w Stocking shng dn w Poinsettia shng dn hng Gingerbread house jing bng w Christmas card shng dn k Santa Claus shng dn lo rn Sleigh xu qio Reindeer m l Christmas carol shng dn g Caroling bo ji yn Angel tin sh Snowman xu rn Celebrating Christmas in China and the Region While most Chinese opt to overlook Christmas’s religious roots, a sizable minority do head to church for services in a variety of languages, including Chinese, English, and French. There are  approximately 70 million practicing Christians in China as of December 2017, according to  the Beijinger, a monthly entertainment guide and website based in Chinas capital. The figure represents only 5 percent of the countrys total population of 1.3 billion, but its still large enough to make an impact. Christmas services are held at an array of state-run churches in China and at houses of worship throughout Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. International schools and some embassies and consulates are also closed on Dec. 25 in China. Christmas Day (Dec. 25) and Boxing Day (Dec. 26) are public holidays in Hong Kong, so government offices and businesses are closed. Macau recognizes Christmas as a holiday and most businesses are closed. In Taiwan, Christmas coincides with Constitution Day (è ¡Å'æ† ²Ã§ ´â‚¬Ã¥ ¿ µÃ¦â€" ¥). Taiwan used to observe Dec. 25 as a day off, but currently, as of March 2018, Dec. 25 is a regular working day in Taiwan.

Archetypes Are Mythologems - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1128 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/30 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: King Lear Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Archetypes are mythologems that persist diachronically, that are embedded in the collective unconscious, and that are recurrently manifested in narrative form. They are the constituent elements of what Jung has called autochthonous revival a hypothesis that accounts for cross-cultural fantasy motifs inexplicable in the light of individual anamnesis. Jung had hypothesized these to be the latent vestiges of mental synthesis that existed long before man could verbalize his thoughts. A Jungian analysis seeks to identify mythologems, toposes, and associated fairy-tale motifs; it also seeks to indicate the aforementioned elements articulation with the universals of human deportment and perception. Shakespeares King Lear provides four main characters ripe for a Jungian analysis Lear and his three daughters, Regan, Goneril, and Cordelia. An extrapolation of King Lears instantiation as an ego-figure of the self, relative to the individuation process is at the helm of affairs; a deliberation on the recurrent literary topos of the number three proceeds, making special reference to the three sisters; and a thought exercise on the importance of Cordelia finalizes the composition. Although these topics are cogitated on a case-by-case basis, it is important to remember that they each relate to a focal subject-matter: the individuation process of King Lear, and his instantiation as an ego-figure of the self. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Archetypes Are Mythologems" essay for you Create order King Lears harrowing descent into madness is a fascinating tale that makes great use of the most asperous of all conflicts in the individuation process. The inchoative psychological disturbance that initiates this process is the Kings inflation of the ego-persona. Lears inflation of the ego-persona is evident in these lines: When I do stare, see how the subject quakes. I pardon that mans life (Shakespeare 4.6; 108-109). This powerful complex, in accord with Jungian theory, is liable to thrust an individual into a sort of liminal journey in search of the self, mining the unconscious in the process. A probing into the unconscious, by definition, sets one adrift on a sea of the unknown. Analogous to the external barrier that protects the ego from social reality (the persona), is an internal barrier that functions as a permeable stratum betwixt the ego and the dark recesses of the unconscious. Jung called this barrier the anima (in male psychology), and he considered it the bridge to the unconscious. When the anima, a so-called inferior function, is oriented toward the external world, as it is for King Lear, Jung would conjecture that the anima becomes a force of projection, resulting in the projection of intrapsychic archetypal images onto external objects. Identification with the anima leads to an abandonment of the unknown, a dismissal of unconscious images, and overall, a failure to adapt and transcend. The abnegation of the unknown [mytho-psychologically, the Great Mother], increases the likelihood that it will don a menacing countenance in its investable manifestation. This all bears true for King Lear. As a consequence of his fixation on the anima, a foreboding visage manifests itself in the second scene of act three: Blow, wind, and crack your cheeks! Rage, blow, You cataracts and hurricanos, spout Till you have drenched our steeples, drowned the cocks! You sulphrous and thought-executing fires, Vaunt-couriers of oak-cleaving thunderbolts, Singe my white head. And thou all-shaking thunder, Strike flat the thick rotundity othworld, Crack natures moulds, all germens spill at once That makes ingrateful man! (Shakespeare 3.2; 1-9) The nature of King Lears anima and psyche, as it is instantiated by his daughters, represents an intriguing paradox for a Jungian analysis. The great Jungian analyst, Edward Edinger, notes trinities to be dynamic manifestations of the father archetype. The prominent neurologist and psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud, espoused his views on the nature of trinities in both The Interpretation of Dreams and The Theme of the Three Caskets (the latter, oddly enough, focuses on Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice and King Lear), making special reference to the Moirai, the three Fates of Greek mythology. Jung had contributed little to archetypal identity of the trinity, but has limned Gnostic, so to speak, on its fundamental nature. Only a synergistic use of the above-stated paradigmatic frameworks produces a cogent understanding of the functions of the three daughters in King Lear. Edingers paradigm would suggest that Regan, Goneril, and Cordelia are all animistic incarnates of the elder, or the father archetype. Jung, as previously noted, limned Gnostic on the subject of trinities, referencing the concept of homoousion, an idea that describes the marrow of a trinity as being generated of the same substance. Edinger and Jung postulate very similar ideas by dissimilar routes of perspective, together discerning the constituents of a trinity as being representative of a distinct wholeness. Uniting the concepts is the Freudian notion of the Moirai, the three Fates who orient the destiny of man. With the aforementioned background knowledge in mind, the three daughters can now be approached directly. The daughters are indeed dynamic representatives of a distinct wholeness, orienting the destiny of one man; the distinct wholeness can reliably be regarded as the anima, and the man as King Lear. Driving the plot and Lears destiny through integration, disintegration, and reintegration, the daughters are indeed orienting forces circumscribing the King, inducing certain behaviors in him and bringing him into confrontations with the unconscious. As a dichotomous model, however, they represent the psyche in either a negative or positive guise. For example, Cordelia disillusions her fathers fixation on the archetypal image of the anima by virtue of her independent will; in turn, the King disinherits her: Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity and property of blood, And as a stranger to my heart and me Hold thee from this forever . . . I loved her most, and thought to set my rest On her kind nursery. [To Cordelia] Hence and avoid my Sight! (Shakespeare 1.1; 111-114 121-122) Lear hereafter descended into a deep abyss as a result of the disillusionment of his anima-projection. As mentioned earlier, his identification with the anima reemerges with a foreboding visage. Following all of this, Goneril supplants her father and he is rendered destitute. However, in the end, Cordelia returns and restores Lears consciousness, reflected by Lears nonplussed utterance: Where have I been? Where am I? Fair daylight? (Shakespeare 4.7; 53). What is most interesting is the differentiation of his psyche, represented by a dualistic bifurcation of his daughters, who as a trinity reflect a distinct wholeness Lears anima. Cordelia can be reliably denoted as the positive instantiation of archetypal imagery throughout King Lear. From a Jungian perspective, Cordelia is the most important character in the entirety of the play by virtue of her role beyond a constituent of Lears triune framed anima and dualistically framed psyche. Although it is truly too nuanced an apprehension to thoroughly articulate, in the four scenes which Cordelia makes an appearance, she emanates the traditional qualities of the hero.